|
The Protecting Children from Internet Predators Act (officially titled Bill C-30, originally titled Lawful Access Act) was a proposed amendment to the Criminal Code introduced by the Conservative government of Stephen Harper on February 14, 2012, during the 41st Canadian Parliament. The bill would have granted authorities new powers to monitor and track the digital activities of Canadians in real-time, required service providers to log information about their customers and turn it over if requested, and made back door entrances mandatory allowing remote access of individuals' electronic information, each without needing a warrant Documents obtained under the Access to Information Act show that the government desired to use the expanded powers in cases not involving criminality.〔 〕 The bill did not mention children, or internet predators, other than in its title;〔 critics claimed the "feel-good name" was unrelated to the content of the bill, and chosen simply to "sell legislation to the public". Critics claimed that authorities would likely use the powers to harass peaceful protestors and activists.〔First Perspective, (Human rights lawyer warns feds’ internet surveillance bill could lead to massive internet sweep )〕 The bill was widely opposed within Canada, particularly after Public Safety Minister Vic Toews told an opposition MP that he could "either stand with us or with the child pornographers" during a debate. The government ultimately withdrew the bill in 2013, citing that opposition. Similar legislation had been unsuccessfully proposed in the past, by both the Liberal and Conservative parties in Canada, and mirrored legislation introduced in other countries. This bill, however, was re-introduced under the name Bill C-13 (short titled Protecting Canadians from Online Crime Act) by Stephen Harper's Conservative government on November 20, 2013 and it passed through all legislative stages to receive royal assent on December 9, 2014. == History of bill == There had been multiple attempts to introduce "lawful access" legislation, allowing police to avoid the necessity of a warrant to obtain information, since 1999 when the Liberal Party of Canada first proposed it. However none of them have been successfully passed.〔 Bill C-30 largely mirrored the unsuccessful attempts by the Conservatives to table C-50, C-51 and C-52 that were abandoned upon the dissolution of Parliament for the 2011 federal election. NDP MPs Anne Minh-Thu Quach and Carol Hughes have criticised the Liberal party given their previous support for near-identical legislation in the past. The British Columbia Civil Liberties Association and ''Canadian Lawyer'' magazine have suggested that such proposals may violate the Constitution of Canada, and be challenged before the Supreme Court as unreasonable search and seizure of digital information.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Moving toward a surveillance society )〕 In 2007, Toews' predecessor Stockwell Day stated that "we have not and we will not be proposing legislation to grant police the powers to get information from internet providers without a warrant".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CBC Podcast )〕 Toews has dismissed the comment, and noted that the requirement for court oversight of police was "an additional burden on the criminal justice system."〔 On February 14, 2012 Toews formally tabled the "Bill C-30: Lawful Access Act", but withdrew the bill an hour later and resubmit it with a "last minute change", the title "Bill C-30: Protecting Children from Internet Predators Act" instead.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Protecting Children from Internet Predators Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|